To make informed decisions, investors should be aware of the many molybdenum uses. Here’s a brief overview of five key applications.
Molybdenum is a silver-gray metal that is usually extracted as a by-product of copper and tungsten mining. Due to its unique properties, there are a wide variety of molybdenum uses. 12crmovg Alloy Steel Pipe
Molybdenum metal has a high melting point of 4,730 degrees Fahrenheit, a characteristic that allows for many uses. The metal is usually sold as a gray powder, which is compressed under high pressure to make products like alloying agents and catalysts for the chemical industry.
China, Chile and the US are the three largest producers of molybdenum. Prices for the metal have fared poorly in recent years, but analysts are optimistic that its performance will improve on demand from renewable energy technologies and a rebound in the steel industry.
To better understand molybdenum’s prospects moving forward, it's important for investors to be aware of the major molybdenum uses. Here’s a brief overview of five.
1. Alloys Structural steel accounts for 55 percent of molybdenum use. The metal improves the strength of steel at high temperatures, and can allow steel to withstand pressures of up to 300,000 pounds per square inch. Molybdenum also helps with corrosion resistance, which makes it an important material for stainless steel. About 25 percent of mined molybdenum makes it way into the stainless steel industry. Molybdenum-containing stainless steel alloys have applications in the pharmaceutical industry and chemical mills, as well as tanker trucks. Aside from that, molybdenum can be alloyed with steel to produce drills, saws, jet engines and power-generation turbines. Chrome and molybdenum alloy steel sheets are used in mufflers and other automotive parts. Molybdenum alloyed with cast iron can be used to produce cylinder heads, motor blocks and exhaust manifolds, which allow vehicle engines to run hotter and thereby reduce carbon emissions. Another use is in milling and crushing equipment.2. Catalysts Molybdenum uses can also be chemical. About 14 percent of molybdenum is used in the chemical industry for catalysts and lubricants. For example, the metal is used as a catalyst in petroleum refineries to help remove sulfur from natural gas and refined petroleum products. The process, known as hydrodesulfurization, involves heat and pressure plus a molybdenum oxide catalyst with an alumina support and cobalt. Occasionally, nickel and molybdenum are used instead of cobalt to treat more difficult feedstock. Low-sulfur fuels are cleaner burning, and many countries, including Canada and the US, require vehicles to use ultra-low-sulfur diesel fuel for road vehicles. Molybdenum also acts as a catalyst in polymer and plastic production.3. Lubricants Molybdenum can be combined with sulfur to form molybdenum disulfide, which helps lubricate two-stroke engines, bicycle coaster brakes, bullets, ski waxes and more. It is also used in greases for ball and roller bearings in the manufacturing, mining and transportation industries. Molybdenum disulfide can resist heat and pressure because it is of geothermal origin. Oil-soluble molybdenum-sulfur compounds thiophosphate and thiocarbamate protect engines against wear, oxidation and corrosion.4. Pigments Molybdenum is also used in paints and dyes as a corrosion-resistant pigment. One such pigment is made from zinc molybdate and is used in paint primers to inhibit corrosion and stabilize color; for instance, it is used to paint the metal surfaces of boats. Molybdate orange pigment is made using lead, lead chromate, lead molybdate and lead sulfate. The paint withstands fading in light and weathering over time. Molybdenum oranges are used in paints, inks, plastic and rubber products and ceramics.5. Fertilizer Molybdenum is an essential component of nitrogenase, which is found in nitrogen-fixing bacteria that make nitrogen from the air available to plants. Sodium molybdate is a white crystalline powder used as a fertilizer for plants such as cauliflower and beans to increase crop yields.
Structural steel accounts for 55 percent of molybdenum use. The metal improves the strength of steel at high temperatures, and can allow steel to withstand pressures of up to 300,000 pounds per square inch.
Molybdenum also helps with corrosion resistance, which makes it an important material for stainless steel. About 25 percent of mined molybdenum makes it way into the stainless steel industry. Molybdenum-containing stainless steel alloys have applications in the pharmaceutical industry and chemical mills, as well as tanker trucks.
Aside from that, molybdenum can be alloyed with steel to produce drills, saws, jet engines and power-generation turbines. Chrome and molybdenum alloy steel sheets are used in mufflers and other automotive parts.
Molybdenum alloyed with cast iron can be used to produce cylinder heads, motor blocks and exhaust manifolds, which allow vehicle engines to run hotter and thereby reduce carbon emissions. Another use is in milling and crushing equipment.
Molybdenum uses can also be chemical. About 14 percent of molybdenum is used in the chemical industry for catalysts and lubricants. For example, the metal is used as a catalyst in petroleum refineries to help remove sulfur from natural gas and refined petroleum products. The process, known as hydrodesulfurization, involves heat and pressure plus a molybdenum oxide catalyst with an alumina support and cobalt.
Occasionally, nickel and molybdenum are used instead of cobalt to treat more difficult feedstock. Low-sulfur fuels are cleaner burning, and many countries, including Canada and the US, require vehicles to use ultra-low-sulfur diesel fuel for road vehicles. Molybdenum also acts as a catalyst in polymer and plastic production.
Molybdenum can be combined with sulfur to form molybdenum disulfide, which helps lubricate two-stroke engines, bicycle coaster brakes, bullets, ski waxes and more. It is also used in greases for ball and roller bearings in the manufacturing, mining and transportation industries.
Molybdenum disulfide can resist heat and pressure because it is of geothermal origin. Oil-soluble molybdenum-sulfur compounds thiophosphate and thiocarbamate protect engines against wear, oxidation and corrosion.
Molybdenum is also used in paints and dyes as a corrosion-resistant pigment. One such pigment is made from zinc molybdate and is used in paint primers to inhibit corrosion and stabilize color; for instance, it is used to paint the metal surfaces of boats.
Molybdate orange pigment is made using lead, lead chromate, lead molybdate and lead sulfate. The paint withstands fading in light and weathering over time. Molybdenum oranges are used in paints, inks, plastic and rubber products and ceramics.
Molybdenum is an essential component of nitrogenase, which is found in nitrogen-fixing bacteria that make nitrogen from the air available to plants. Sodium molybdate is a white crystalline powder used as a fertilizer for plants such as cauliflower and beans to increase crop yields.
This is an updated version of an article first published by the Investing News Network in 2017.
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Securities Disclosure: I, Melissa Pistilli, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.
Melissa Pistilli has been reporting on the markets and educating investors since 2006. She has covered a wide variety of industries in the investment space including mining, cannabis, tech and pharmaceuticals. She helps to educate investors about opportunities in a variety of growth markets. Melissa holds a bachelor's degree in English education as well as a master's degree in the teaching of writing, both from Humboldt State University, California.
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Melissa Pistilli has been reporting on the markets and educating investors since 2006. She has covered a wide variety of industries in the investment space including mining, cannabis, tech and pharmaceuticals. She helps to educate investors about opportunities in a variety of growth markets. Melissa holds a bachelor's degree in English education as well as a master's degree in the teaching of writing, both from Humboldt State University, California.
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